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Re: Sumo #3: Kimarite, etc. (LONG) - soc.culture.japan #26535

In article <C7nB51.JK1@ulis.ac.jp>, hiraga@ulis.ac.jp (Yuzuru Hiraga) writes:
|> 
|> Now I've got hold of a source, so here is a list of the winning methods
|> (KIMARITE).
|> But before that, some corrections/verifications on my previous post.
|> 
|> My source is:
|> 	Gendai Supootu Hyakka Jiten ($B8=Be%9%]!<%DI42J;vE5(J)
|> 	  (Encyclopedia of SPORTS); Taishuu-kan Shoten 1970.
|> 
|> Since it is a bit outdated, some of the below may be obsolete.
|> 
|> * Time limits for TACHIAI
|>   Starting 1950, the time limits are:
|> 	Makuuchi: 4 mins.
|> 	Juuryou:  3 mins.
|> 	Makushita:2 mins.
|> 
|> * Some history
|>   Origin: Sumo appears in mythical literatures of KOJIKI and NIHON-SHOKI,
|> 	presumably describing events ca. 4.C AD.
|> 	The olded recorded Sumo event was in 469 AD.
|>   The time limit system started in 1928 with the start of radio broadcasting.
|>   Initially, the limits were Makuuchi 10mins., Juuryou 7 mins., and
|>   Makushita 5 mins.
|>   At the time of Futabayama's 69 winning streak (1936-1938?), each tourney
|>   was 10 days in length.  With the soaring Sumo popularity thanks to
|>   Futaba, this was extended to 13 days in 1937 and 15 days in 1940.
|>   My source doesn't say how many tourneys per year at that time.
|>   In 1950, it because 4 tourneys/year (3 Tokyo, 1 Osaka), and in 1957-8,
|>   became the present 6 tourneys/year with the addition of Kyuushuu and
|>   Nagoya Basho's.
|>   Matching of wrestlers in the same ICHIMON started in 1965.
|>   This restriction seems to have had a long history and may not be
|>   necessarily related to frame-up matches, at least in their origin.
|> 
|> * Asked by Jeff Friedl: What does the Gyouji yell during the bout?
|>   A literal transcription is: "HAKKE-YOI NOKOTTA nokotta nokotta..."
|>   also in contracted & variant forms e.g. "Yoi Hakke-yoi".
|>   What this means, I don't know.  I've heard that it descends from
|>   a Korean word, so the Korean readers may help us out.
|> 
|> =======
|> 
|> So on to the Kimarite's.
|> A fine distinction may count up to 300 such methods, but the Sumo Kyoukai
|> has officially approved 70.
|> The following includes their names and brief descriptions, together
|> with the names written in Japanese code.  Sorry for the inconvenience
|> of readers of non-Japanese terminals.
|> I'll also include a subjective ranking of how often each method takes place,
|> where the legend is:
|> 	***: quite common: expected to be seen on every day of the tourney.
|> 	 **: common: can be seen in every tourney, if not every day.
|> 	  *: rare: maybe few times each year.
|> 	  !: extremely rare: lucky if you see one.
|> 	 !!: never seen, perhaps even heard of.
|> 
|> There is a two-page diagram of the moves, but sorry, no GIF's,
|> at least not now.
|> 
|> -------------
|> 
|> CLASS 1: Basic methods				$B4pK\5;(J
|> 
|> # TSUKI-DASHI ***				$BFM$-=P$7(J
|>   < TSUKI(n), TSUKU(v): to stroke opponent's chest with both arms,
|> 	either in simultaneous or alternate motion in upward direction;
|> 	making him lean back.
|>   Drive opponent outside the Dohyou by a TSUKI motion.
|> # TSUKI-TAOSHI **				$BFM$-E]$7(J
|>   Fall opponent on his back by a TSUKI motion.
|> # OSHI-DASHI ***				$B2!$7=P$7(J
|>   < OSHI(n), OSU(v): to push opponent on his chest or by grabbing the
|> 	elbow from below (OTTSUKERU).  The difference with TSUKI is that
|> 	the palms are always in contact with opponent's body.
|> 	Pushing by means of grabbing opponent's Mawashi (also MITSU: belt)
|> 	on the front side near the stomach (MAE-MITSU) also counts as an OSHI.
|> 				OTTSUKE(RU):	$B$*$C$D$1(J($B$k(J)
|> 				(MAE)MITSU:	($BA0(J)$Bjn(J
|>   Push opponent outside the Dohyou by an OSHI motion.
|> # OSHI-TAOSHI ***				$B2!$7E]$7(J
|>   Fall opponent on his back by an OSHI motion.
|> # YORI-KIRI ***					$B4s$j@Z$j(J
|>   < YORI(n), YORU(v): to advance towards the opponent while securing body
|> 	contact, either by shoving the arms under/inside opponent's
|> 	arms/armpits (SASU), and/or taking hold of his Mawashi.
|>   Drive opponent outside the Dohyou by a YORI motion.
|> 				SASU:		$B:9$9(J
|> # YORI-TAOSHI **				$B4s$jE]$7(J
|>   Fall opponent on his back by a YORI motion.
|> # ABISE-TAOSHI **				$BMa$S$;E]$7(J
|>   Get on top of opponent in a leaning position and falling him down.
|> 
|> --- Some comments at this point:
|> There are two basic types of wrestlers: OSHI-ZUMO and YOTSU-ZUMO.
|> An OSHI-ZUMO prefers fighting apart, with the winning tactics of
|> OSHI and TSUKI.  Heavier Wrestlers with power and momentum are
|> generally of this type: e.g. Akebono.
|> 				OSHI-ZUMO:	$B2!$7AjKP(J
|> 				YOTSU-ZUMO:	$B;M$DAjKP(J
|> YOTSU means to secure contact as mentioned above for YORI.
|> The winning tactics for a YOTSU-ZUMO are YORIKIRI and the throwing methods
|> listed below.  YOTSU-ZUMO type wrestlers are generally more lean, with
|> strong arm strength: e.g. Taka- & Wakanohana.
|> 
|> In typical YOTSU-ZUMO style fight, each of the wrestlers shove one arm
|> inside the other's arm (SASU: above).  If the SASHITE (the arm that is
|> SASU-ed) is the right arm (necessarily for both wrestlers), then the
|> hold is in MIGI-YOTSU form, and if left, then HIDARI-YOTSU form.
|> Most wrestlers have a preference for either MIGI or HIDARI-YOTSU.
|> If the two have the same preference, then the match is called AI-YOTSU
|> and the initial movements will likely end up in the both-preferred form.
|> On the other hand, if the preference is opposed, then the match is
|> called KENKA-YOTSU and there will be an intense struggle to take the
|> preferred form, thus also disabling the opponent.
|> A wrestler who has no strong preference for either form is called
|> a NAMAKURA-YOTSU.
|> 				SASHITE:	$B:9$7<j(J
|> 				MIGI-YOTSU:	$B1&;M$D(J
|> 				HIDARI-YOTSU:	$B:8;M$D(J
|> 				AI-YOTSU:	$BAj;M$D(J
|> 				KENKTA-YOTSU:	$B7v2^;M$D(J
|> If the SASHITE side arm grabs opponent's Mawashi, then it is called
|> a SHITATE.  A grab by the other arm (over opponent's SASHITE) is
|> called an UWATE.
|> When a wrestler succeeds to SASU both of his arms, then it is called
|> MORO-ZASHI and is considered a strong advantage, since it is difficult
|> for the other to take UWATE holds with both arms, thus leaving them afloat
|> and impotent.  However, if he can clench his hands over opponent's
|> SASHITE and puts squeezing pressure on them (called KANNUKI: this may
|> sometimes break opponent's arm), then the situation may turn over.
|> 				SHITATE:	$B2<<j(J
|> 				UWATE:		$B>e<j(J
|> 				MORO-ZASHI:	$BAP;X$7(J
|> 				KANNUKI:	$BoY(J
|> 
|> Basically, YORIKIRI is considered the most secure and safest way to win
|> (but see UCCHARI).  Thus it is the Champion's winning way.
|> OSHI-ZUMO, if hits the spot, guarantees a decisive and instantaneous
|> victory, but they often fall prey to dodging motions or being slapped down,
|> and also quite helpless once they get caught by a YOTSU-ZUMO.
|> OSHI-ZUMO's are thus generally regarded as simplistic and bull-run types,
|> while YOTSU-ZUMO's are to be more of a technician.
|> 
|> But on with the list.
|> 
|> 
|> CLASS 2: Throwing methods			$BEj$2<j(J
|>   < NAGE(n), NAGERU(v): To throw means to take hold of the opponent,
|> 	either by the Mawashi or some part of the body, and to topple
|> 	or drive out opponent by the throwing motion of the holding arm.
|> 				NAGE(RU):	$BEj$2(J($B$k(J)
|> 
|> # SHITATE-NAGE ***				$B2<<jEj$2(J
|>   Throw opponent by a SHITATE, in a downwards body-center direction
|>   (i.e. leftwards for a right SHITATE) with palm of throwing arm facing down.
|> # UWATE-NAGE ***				$B>e<jEj$2(J
|>   Same as above, by an UWATE.
|>   Besides YORIKIRI, the most common and safest tactics for a YOTSU-ZUMO.
|> # KOTE-NAGE ***					$B>.<jEj$2(J
|>   Throw opponent from the hold of his SASHITE arm.
|> # SUKUI-NAGE ***				$B$9$/$$Ej$2(J
|>   Throw opponent from a SASHITE, without a Mawashi grip,
|>   initially shoving opponent's armpit in a slightly upward direction.
|> # UWATE-DASHI-NAGE **				$B>e<j=P$7Ej$2(J
|>   Different from UWATE-NAGE in that the palm faces up, with the two
|>   often standing in a side-by-side position.  The throw is more like a
|>   dragging motion towards the opposing side leg.  This will cause a
|>   rotating motion of the opponent, so he often falls face up, while in
|>   an UWATE-NAGE, falls face down.
|> # SHITATE-DASHI-NAGE **				$B2<<j=P$7Ej$2(J
|>   Similar to above, from a SHITATE.
|>   This by itself is often not decisive, but will disrupt opponent's stance.
|> # KOSHI-NAGE !					$B9xEj$2(J
|>   To throw after mounting opponent on one's waist.  Not quite effective.
|> # KUBI-NAGE *					$B<sEj$2(J
|>   Curl an arm around opponent's neck and throw in a twisting motion.
|>   The other arm should "kill", i.e. grab opponent's facing arm.
|> # IPPON-ZEOI !!					$B0lK\GXIi$$(J
|>   Dodge an opponent's TSUKI, grab his stretched arm over the shoulder
|>   and hurl over.  Also seen in Judo, except that you can't knee down in Sumo.
|> # NICHOU-NAGE !					$BFsCzEj$2(J
|>   Take a SHITATE, tangle the same side leg around opponent's opposite-side
|>   leg (i.e. for a right SHITATE, tangle right leg to opponent's right leg),
|>   and using it as a pivot, throw.
|> # YAGURA-NAGE !!				$BO&Ej$2(J
|>   Take an UWATE, lift the same side knee between opponent's thigh,
|>   and after an initial lifting grip, twist throw down.
|> # KAKE-NAGE *					$B3]$1Ej$2(J
|>   In any NAGE, flip up the same side leg to put opponent's leg aloft.
|> # TSUKAMI-NAGE !				$BDO$_Ej$2(J
|>   Mostly from an UWATE, lift up opponent by the grip and drop down.
|> 
|> 
|> CLASS 3: Leg tangling methods			$B3]$1<j(J
|>   < KAKE(n), KAKERU(v): To tangle one's leg to the opponent's,
|> 	either from the inside (UCHIGAKE) or outside (SOTOGAKE).
|> 
|> # UCHI-GAKE **					$BFb3]$1(J
|>   In a YOTSU, draw opponent close, tangle leg from inside, pressure
|>   forward making him fall on back.
|> # SOTO-GAKE ***					$B303]$1(J
|>   Similar to above, but tangle leg from outside.
|>   One contrast is that UCHIGAKE should touch the upper part of the
|>   opponent's leg (above knee), while SOTOGAKE should touch the lower part,
|>   below knee.
|> # CHON-GAKE !					$B$A$g$s3]$1(J
|>   From a close but non-contacting stance, tip the opposite side leg of
|>   opponent by the ankle (e.g. right leg tips right ankle), making it
|>   aloft, then push opponent down.
|> # KIRI-KAESHI **				$B@Z$jJV$7(J
|>   Place knee behind opponent's knee, and twist down in backwards direction.
|>   Often used to counter opponent's NAGE.
|>   Somewhat similar to a German suplex (sp?) in pro-wrestling.
|> # KAWAZU-GAKE !					$B2ODE3]$1(J
|>   In case opponent takes a TSURI offensive (see below), break one grip,
|>   rotate to take a side-by-side posture with the adjacent leg tangled
|>   from the inside, then fall (together) backwards.
|>   Also seen as a pro-wrestling technique.
|> # KE-KAESHI *					$B=3JV$7(J
|>   Kick opponent's ankle from inside-out in an OSHI situation, then pull
|>   forward to make him fall to the front.
|> # KETAGURI **					$B=3$?$0$j(J
|>   When opponent comes rushing forward, kick his ankle from inside-out
|>   and he will stumble on his own.  Effective as a surprise attack at
|>   the beginning instant, especially against an OSHI-ZUMO.
|> # MITOKORO-ZEME !!				$B;0=j96$a(J
|>   Do an UCHIGAKE on the SASHITE side, stretch the free arm under the
|>   knee of opponent's other leg to lift up, and topple him over.
|>   Mainoumi once did this, though it didn't make it as a winning move.
|> # WATASHI-KOMI *				$BEO$79~$_(J
|>   Grab opponent's knee from the outside, and push his chest with
|>   the other arm (hand or elbow) to fall him on back.
|> # NIMAI-GERI !!					$BFsKg=3$j(J
|>   In a TSURI situation (see below), kick opponent's ankle from the
|>   outside to make him topple.
|> # KOMATA-SUKUI *				$B>.8T$9$/$$(J
|>   In a DASHI-NAGE situation, if opponent advances the on-side leg
|>   for prevention, use the other arm from the inside to lift that leg
|>   by the knee and twist down.
|> # SOTO-KOMATA !!				$B30>.8T(J
|>   Similar to above, except the leg is taken from the outside.
|> # OOMATA !!					$BBg8T(J
|>   When opponent advances the opposite leg in a KOMATA-SUKUI situation,
|>   lift it up from the inside and topple down.
|> # TSUMA-TORI !!					$BD^<h$j(J
|>   Take opponent by his side and advance to make him lose balance,
|>   then grab ankle or toe and lift to make him fall to the front.
|> # ASHI-TORI **					$BB-<h$j(J
|>   Grab opponent's leg, commonly with both arms, then lift to make topple.
|>   Mainoumi's favorite.
|> # SUSO-TORI !!					$B$9$=<h$j(J
|>   If opponent's one leg steps forward right in one's front (as in a
|>   NAGE situation), grab ankle from the outside to make him fall.
|> 
|> 
|> CLASS 4: Backward leaning methods		$BH?$j<j(J
|> 
|> # I-ZORI !!					$B5oH?$j(J
|>   Dodge opponent's rush by crouching down, rise while grabbing his leg
|>   with both arms and mount him on back, further lean back making him
|>   fall (first).  Mainoumi (again!) once did this.
|> # TASUKI-ZORI !!				$B$?$9$-H?$j(J
|>   Mount opponent on shoulder grabbing his arm with one arm and his leg
|>   with the other.  Lean back to fall.
|> # SHUMOKU-ZORI !!				$BF5LZH?$j(J
|>   Similar to above, but first crouch down and lift opponent up high
|>   before leaning back.  Posture similar to pro-wrestling's airplane.
|> # KAKE-ZORI !!					$B3]$1H?$j(J
|>   Take both SASHITE in a hugging posture, tangle one leg from outside
|>   and lean sideways in that direction.
|> # SOTO-DASUKI-ZORI !!				$B30$?$9$-H?$j(J
|>   When taken by a MORO-ZASHI, secure hold one of opponent's elbow,
|>   swing other arm to the same side and stretch to hold his leg from the inside,
|>   then lean back while lifting opponent [I'm not sure how this works].
|> 
|> 
|> CLASS 5: Twisting methods			$BG1$j<j(J
|>   < HINERI(n), HINERU(v): To twist the grip of either the opponent's Mawashi
|> 	or some part of body, usually by rotating the wrist.
|> 				HINERI(RU)	$BG1$j(J($B$k(J)
|> 
|> # TSUKI-OTOSHI ***				$BFM$-Mn$H$7(J
|>   Place palm on opponent's armpit from above, then push him down.
|> # MAKI-OTOSHI *					$B4,$-Mn$H$7(J
|>   Take hold of opponent's back from a SASHITE, then pull him down.
|>   Works in the direction opposite to SUKUI-NAGE.
|> # TOTTARI **					$B<h$C$?$j(J
|>   Grab opponent's wrist with one hand, take hold of the elbow from below
|>   with the other, take a side-by-side position and twist whole body
|>   to make opponent topple.  Another surprise attack method.
|> # SAKA-TOTTARI !				$B5U<h$C$?$j(J
|>   In the above, seen from the opponent's side: twist the taken arm
|>   to an angle that it can be bent, twist waist to make opponent fall
|>   to the front [??].
|> # KATA-SUKASHI **				$B8*F)$+$7(J
|>   Turn a SASHITE upwards, twist body to make opponent tumble forward,
|>   then with the other arm, slap opponent on shoulder to make him fall.
|>   If done quick, the opponent will make a full flip.
|> # SOTO-MUSOU *					$B30L5AP(J
|>   From a YOTSU situation, take hold of the opponent's SHITATE,
|>   let go the SHITATE and take hold of opponent's far side leg from the outside,
|>   then twist whole body to create a rotating momentum, causing the oppoenent
|>   to turn over.
|> # UCHI-MUSOU *					$BFbL5AP(J
|>   From a YOTSU situation, let go the UWATE and take hold of opponent's
|>   leg from the inside, twist whole body while lowering the opposite side
|>   shoulder and also lifting opponent's leg.
|> # ZUBU-NERI !!					$B$:$VG1$j(J
|>   Press head on opponent's chest or shoulder (making it a fulcrum),
|>   take firm grip of opponent's elbow and twistingly pull forward while
|>   drawing back.
|> # UWATE-HINERI **				$B>e<jG1$j(J
|>   In a YOTSU situation, if the opponent steps back too far, pull UWATE
|>   forward and downwards while twisting to knee down opponent.
|> # SHITATE-HINERI *				$B2<<jG1$j(J
|>   Similar to above but with a SHITATE, though less common.
|> # AMI-UCHI *					$BLVBG$A(J
|>   Take hold of opponent's SASHITE with both arms, and at the Dohyo rim,
|>   twist-throw him to the SHITATE side.
|> # SABA-ORI !					$B;*@^$j(J
|>   In a YOTSU situation with the Dohyo rim behind, if the opponent drops
|>   his waist too low, quickly pull forward/down the grips to make
|>   opponent knee down.
|>   Note that SABA-ORI as commonly known (which is more like pro-wrestling's
|>   bear hug, clenching fists behind opponent's back) is illegal in Sumo.
|> # HARIMA-NAGE !					$BGEKaEj$2(J
|>   From a SOTO-DASUKI-ZORI posture, twist throw opponent sideways and
|>   then to the back.
|> # KAINA-HINERI **				$BOSG1$j(J
|>   Take opponent's upper arm with one arm, place palm of other arm
|>   from above and press down, making opponent to turn over.
|> # GASSHOU-HINERI !!				$B9g>8G1$j(J
|>   Grab opponent's neck from both sides and twist to either side.
|> # KUBI-HINERI !!				$B<sG1$j(J
|>   Press one palm on opponent's neck, grab his elbow with the
|>   other arm and twistingly press down with the arm on his neck.
|> # HIKI-OTOSHI ***				$B0z$-Mn$H$7(J
|>   When opponent is taking a posture too low, grab either of his hand,
|>   elbow or MAE-MITSU and pull forward/down to make him stumble down forwards.
|> # HATAKI-KOMI ***				$B$O$?$-9~$_(J
|>   When opponent comes rushing in, make one contant, then quickly dodge to
|>   the side and slap down opponent on the shoulder.
|>   Often used as a counter offensive by a superior ranked wrestler
|>   as an "easy way" to win.
|> 
|> 
|> CLASS 6: Special/Miscellaneous methods		$BFC<l5;(J
|> 
|> # TSURI-DASHI ***				$BD_$j=P$7(J
|>   < TSURI(n), TSURU(v): take grip on opponent's Mawashi with both hands,
|> 	and lift his body up, supporting weight by the waist.
|> 				TSURI(RU)	$BD_$j(J($B$k(J)
|>   Take opponent in a TSURI and land him down outside the Dohyo.
|>   More effective and safe when lifted on the side, rather than the front.
|>   Another Champion winning tactics.
|> # TSURI-OTOSHI **				$BD_$jMn$H$7(J
|>   Take grip at a more deeper (i.e. to the behind) position than above,
|>   lift opponent up high, and crush down.
|> # OKURI-DASHI ***				$BAw$j=P$7(J
|>   Take opponent by his back and shove him out.
|>   This often happens after a DASHI-NAGE.
|> # OKURI-TAOSHI **				$BAw$jE]$7(J
|>   Push down opponent from behind "within" the Dohyo (If opponent falls
|>   outside the Dohyo, then it is an OKURI-DASHI).
|> # WARI-DASHI *					$B3d$j=P$7(J
|>   Take UWATE with one arm, press the other on opponent's upper arm,
|>   advance to make him lean back and out of the Dohyo.
|> # UCCHARI **					$BBG$C$A$c$j(J
|>   The ultimate reversal tactics.
|>   Pressed at the edge of the Dohyo rim, lean back, support opponent's
|>   weight on the stomach, then twist to either side to let him go first.
|> # KIME-DASHI *					$B6K$a=P$7(J
|>   < KIME(n), KIMERU(v): Synonymous to KANNUKI.
|> 				KIME(RU)	$B6K$a(J($B$k(J)
|>   Take opponent by a KANNUKI when taken by a MORO-ZASHI and drive out.
|> # KIME-TAOSHI *					$B6K$aE]$7(J
|>   Same as above, except that opponent is forced to fall.
|> # YOBIMODOSHI *					$B8F$SLa$7(J
|>   In a YOTSU situation, let go the grips and draw opponent forward --
|>   if opponent withdraws, advance while thrusting the SASHITE in
|>   SUKUI-NAGE style to make opponent fall on back.
|> 
|> 
|> CLASS 7: Non-committant				$BHs5;(J
|>   The below two are not any action on the winner's side, but nevertheless
|>   result in his victory.
|> 
|> # ISAMI-ASHI *					$BM&$_B-(J
|>   At the Dohyo rim, the offensive side accidentally steps outside.
|>   Also commonly used as an idiom meaning "going too far".
|> # KOSHI-KUDAKE *				$B9x$/$@$1(J
|>   Lose balance for some reason, with weight on the back side,
|>   and fall from the hip.
|> 
|> ------------------------
|> 
|> Appendix 1: Some forbidden actions		$B6X<j(J
|>   These result in the automatic loss of the person who did it.
|> 
|> # Strike with a fist.
|>   It is legal to strike with an open palm (HARITE).
|> 				HARITE		$BD%$j<j(J
|> # Grab opponent's hair.
|>   Quite common, mostly accidental.
|> # Strike weak points like the eye or the pit.
|> # Strike both ears from both sides simultaneously.
|> # Hold or put fingers in the vertical portion of the Mawashi.
|>   You know why	:-)
|> # Grab opponent's throat.
|> # Kick opponent's chest or stomach.
|> # Press on one or two of opponent's fingers.
|> 
|> Also, if one's Mawashi falls off during a bout (yuck!),
|> he automatically loses.
|> 
|> ------------------------
|> 
|> Appendix 2: Some supplementary glossary (technical)
|> 
|> # INASI(n), INASU(v)				$B$$$J$7!?$9(J
|>   To dodge opponent's rush by flanking.
|> # KACHIAGE(RU)					$B$+$A$"$2(J($B$k(J)
|>   Fold arms, rush forward to hit opponent's chest or chin,
|>   commonly from the shoulder; to make his posture upright.
|>   Another Champion tactics.
|> # KABAI-TE					$B$+$P$$<j(J
|>   When the two wrestlers fall together, the one on the lower side is called
|>   SHINI-TAI, i.e. deprived of activity.  In such a case, and if injury is
|>   foreseen, the one on the upper side can support his weight by sticking
|>   out a hand on the ground.  This is called KABAITE, and is legal and
|>   will not deprive him of the win.
|>   The most recent case is the Konishiki-Wakanohana bout in the final day...
|>   or so they say... KABAITE is in many cases controvertial.
|> # KUI-SAGARU(v)					$B?)$$2<$,$k(J
|>   To take a low posture, pressing the head on opponent's chest and
|>   taking grip on the MAE-MITSU.  This is the survival tactics for
|>   the smaller wrestlers.
|> # TSUPPARI(n), TSUPPARU(v)			$BFM$CD%$j!?$k(J
|>   To rapidly deliver HARITE to the opponent, mainly to obtain an
|>   advantageous position.  Terao is one wrestler known for his TSUPPARI.
|>   Commonly used to designate juvenille delinquents, although relation
|>   with Sumo may be doubted.
|> # NEKO-DAMASHI					$B%M%3$@$^$7(J
|>   To clap hands in front of the opponent's face: a mere feint action
|>   and Mainoumi's favorite.
|>   As all would agree, Mainoumi is indeed a live solitary Sumo Museum.
|> 
|> As a final note, the KIMARITE's are portrayed in a comically choreographed
|> SHOKKIRI, which is presented as amusement for Sumo beginners.
|> 
|> -Yuzuru Hiraga (hiraga@ulis.ac.jp)